A 38 year old patient experiences tingling and spasms in the arms following thyroid surgery. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The presence of tingling and spasms in the arms following thyroid surgery is indicative of neuromuscular irritability, which commonly occurs in the context of hypocalcemia. After thyroid surgery, particularly if the parathyroid glands are inadvertently damaged or removed, a decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion can lead to reduced calcium levels in the blood. This drop in calcium, known as hypocalcemia, results in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle spasms, and cramps.

Patients experiencing these symptoms may also present with additional signs of hypocalcemia, such as positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, which would further support this diagnosis. Addressing the patient’s calcium levels would be critical in managing this condition after surgery.

Other potential diagnoses do not fit as well with the symptoms described. Thyroid storm is a hyperthyroid emergency characterized by severe symptoms related to excess thyroid hormone but would not typically present with localized spasms. Hyperparathyroidism usually results in high calcium levels, which would lead to opposite symptoms. Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury would primarily present with hoarseness or airway obstruction rather than the described motor spasms. Thus, hypocalcemia is