A 9-year-old boy shows transient glycosuria after surgery. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Transient glycosuria, particularly following surgery, can sometimes be a normal physiological response rather than a sign of an underlying pathological condition. In children, especially, glycosuria may occur temporarily due to stress, pain, or changes in dietary intake associated with the surgical procedure. The body's physiological response to stress can lead to increased catecholamines and glucocorticoids, resulting in elevated glucose levels in the blood, which can exceed the renal threshold for glucose and lead to its presence in urine.

In this context, it is important to recognize that persistent glucose in the urine, accompanied by symptoms such as polydipsia and polyuria, could be indications of diabetes mellitus. However, if the glycosuria is transient and coincides with a surgical event without any additional symptoms indicating chronic hyperglycemia or diabetes, it is more likely considered a normal finding rather than indicative of a significant metabolic disorder.

The other choices point towards possible diagnoses that would generally require further clinical context and sustained symptoms for confirmation rather than a single episode of glycosuria post-surgery. For example, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes typically present with more chronic symptoms and are not usually classified based solely on transient findings in a post-operative setting.