A patient is admitted with increased frequency of passing urine, increased thirst, weakness, and muscle cramps. What is the most probable diagnosis?

The symptoms presented—such as increased frequency of urination (polyuria), increased thirst (polydipsia), weakness, and muscle cramps—are indicative of Conn's syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism. This condition is characterized by excessive production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, leading to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and hypernatremia (high sodium levels). The increased aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and excrete potassium, resulting in the symptoms observed.

Polyuria and polydipsia arise as a response to the fluid shifts caused by sodium retention, while weakness and muscle cramps can stem from a deficiency of potassium, which is essential for proper muscle function and nerve signaling.

In the context of the other conditions listed, while they may present with some overlapping symptoms, they do not explain the specific combination of symptoms as effectively as Conn's syndrome does. Cushing’s syndrome, for instance, would typically involve features like central obesity and facial rounding, and it may lead to other symptoms, but it does not primarily cause increased thirst and urination in this manner. Hyperthyroidism can also lead to increased appetite and potentially weight loss but is less typically associated with the