What condition is characterized by increased production of aldosterone?

Conn's syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is characterized by the excessive production of aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium and potassium levels, and helps control blood pressure. In Conn's syndrome, the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, often due to an adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia.

This increased aldosterone levels lead to sodium retention, increased blood volume, and consequently hypertension, as well as reduced potassium levels (hypokalemia) due to renal excretion of potassium. The diagnosis often involves measuring plasma aldosterone and renin levels, along with imaging studies to identify any adrenal tumor.

Other conditions listed in the options, such as Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and hypothyroidism, are associated with different hormonal imbalances and clinical features. Cushing's syndrome involves excess cortisol production; Addison's disease is characterized by insufficient hormone production from the adrenal glands; and hypothyroidism pertains to low thyroid hormone levels. Each of these conditions has distinct pathophysiology and effects on the body, making Conn's syndrome specifically notable for its link to increased aldosterone.