What is the primary clinical feature of pheochromocytoma?

Pheochromocytoma is characterized primarily by paroxysmal hypertension due to the excessive secretion of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from adrenal tumors. These catecholamines lead to episodic surges in blood pressure, often occurring in episodes that can be accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, headaches, sweating, and anxiety. Because these hypertensive episodes can be so dramatic, they are key clinical features when diagnosing this condition.

The nature of this hypertension is paroxysmal, meaning it can occur in sudden bursts, creating significant clinical consequences. Understanding this unique presentation is crucial in differentiating pheochromocytoma from other conditions that might cause sustained hypertension or similar symptoms.

In contrast, the other options highlight conditions that are not typically associated with pheochromocytoma. Weight gain and fatigue are more aligned with conditions such as hypothyroidism or Cushing's syndrome. Diabetes insipidus is related to disorders affecting ADH secretion or action and does not connect with the adrenal catecholamine secretion seen in pheochromocytoma. Severe hypoglycemia is often a complication of insulinomas or other insulin-related disorders, not pheochromocytoma. Therefore, the hallmark feature of par