Which condition is associated with excess production of insulin leading to low blood sugar levels?

The condition associated with excess production of insulin leading to low blood sugar levels is insulinoma. Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas that secrete insulin autonomously, resulting in an increase in insulin levels. This unregulated secretion can cause episodes of hypoglycemia, as the elevated insulin levels promote the uptake of glucose by tissues, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels.

In this context, understanding insulinoma is crucial because it exemplifies how abnormal insulin production, rather than the normal regulatory mechanisms, can result in significant metabolic disturbances. While diabetes mellitus involves issues of insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, it doesn't typically involve excess insulin production leading to hypoglycemia, which is a hallmark of insulinoma. Similarly, hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, and hypoglycemia signifies low blood sugar but does not specify the underlying cause, making these terms less relevant to the question about excess insulin production.