Which disease is caused by an autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex leading to insufficient production of adrenal hormones?

Addison's disease is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex, which results in insufficient production of adrenal hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. This condition may lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation due to elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The autoimmune aspect is crucial, as it differentiates Addison's disease from other adrenal disorders.

Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol production, either from adrenal tumors or other sources, and is not a result of autoimmune damage to the adrenal cortex. Hypopituitarism involves a deficiency in one or more of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, rather than directly affecting the adrenal cortex. Hyperthyroidism is related to excess thyroid hormone production and is not associated with adrenal hormone insufficiency. Therefore, the primary connection of Addison's disease to the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex solidifies its role in the context of the given question.